I know that owners of rentals in Spain, where rural electricty prices can be extremely expensive, will indicate that a certain level of utility usage will be included in the rate, but that anything over these levels would be charged as an extra. This model might work in certain circumstances, but does require arrival and departure meter readings to be taken, involves a lot of hassle and potential ill-feeling, and would be difficult to impliment with an Airbnb listing.
Better to work out your annual total utility bills, adjust for seasonal variations, and reflect such costs in your rates. Accept that some guests may be profligate, realise that others may be thrifty, and try not to lose sleep over something that you have limited options to address. Better to try to identify if there was something specific that caused the increased usage, and do a cost/benefit analysis to see whether changing to a more efficient piece of kit might result in long term savings.